Omics · study · 2026
Extracellular vesicles derived from Enterococcus faecalis: inflammatory activation does not require internalization
Listed in NCBI GEO
Enterococcus faecalis is a common gut commensal Gram-positive bacterium that can act as an opportunistic pathogen and is frequently associated with nosocomial and iatrogenic bloodstream infections, such as bacteremia and endocarditis.
Description
Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as key mediators of host-bacteria communication with immunomodulatory roles and mechanistic participation in pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and infection.
However, the functional impact of E. faecalis-derived EVs (Ef-EVs) on host responses and their potential role in shaping host responses during infection remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Ef-EVs in vitro on NF-κB/AP-1 reporter cells, primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and macrophages derived from in vivo Ef-EV-treated zebrafish larvae.
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We found that Ef-EVs can induce pro-inflammatory responses in host macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling. Using bottom-up assembled bacterial EVs functionalized with the synthetic bacterial ligands as a minimalistic approach to study mechanisms of EV signaling, we demonstrate that Ef-EVs target the plasma membrane TLR2 to induce inflammation in a process uncoupled from their internalization. Furthermore, we found that Ef-EVs induce metabolic reprogramming towards a pro-inflammatory, glycolytic phenotype.
Our findings showcase a previously understudied role of Gram-positive EVs in modulating immune signaling and metabolic pathways, advancing our understanding of host-pathogen communication.
Links
Get the data
- GEO FTP directory ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/series/GSE304nnn/GSE304960 ↗
download · from NCBI GEO
Where it is published
- GEO accession page ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE304960 ↗
landing page · from NCBI GEO
Documentation and papers
- PRJNA1303601 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1303601 ↗
project · from NCBI GEO
- PubMed 42152018 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42152018 ↗
publication · from NCBI GEO
Topics
- Stated by source
- Danio rerio · Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing
- From keywords
- Life Sciences
Provenance · 1 source records, 7 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCBI GEO | GSE304960 | 15 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[method].geo_series_type:expression-profiling-by-high-throughput-sequencing | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /gdstype |
| concepts[organism].NCBITaxon:7955 | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /taxon |
| description | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /summary |
| publication_date | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · NCBI GEO | connector:ncbi_geo@1.0.0 | /title |