<p>IgG- and IgM-mediated responses to <i>P. falciparum</i> trophozoites and stage I gametocytes across HBB genotypes.</p>

<p>Data from <i>P. falciparum</i> infected (<i>n</i> = 44) and non-infected (<i>n</i> = 17) plasma samples collected at the Clinical Research Unit (CRUN) in Nanoro, Burkina Faso (total <i>n</i> = 61). <b>(A)</b> Percentage of IgG-positive iRBCs: total (left), asexual (middle) and sexual (right) iRBCs. <b>(B)</b> Percentage IgM-positive iRBCs: total (left), asexual (middle) and sexual (right) iRBCs. Positive controls (“<i>Pf</i>-infected non-endemic” <i>i.e.,</i> three acute <i>Pf-</i>infected non-endemic plasma samples from a traveler at D0, D21, and D23) and a negative control, i.e.<i>,</i> “Naïve non-endemic”: non-endemic plasma from a volunteer with HbAA genotype) are shown as individual dots per sample.

The Y-axis range differs between graphs for visualization. No significant differences were found (beta-binomial GLM with Bonferroni adjustment for pairwise comparisons, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Abbreviations: asexual iRBCs, trophozoites; D, day(s); GLM, Generalized linear models; Hb, hemoglobin; HBB, human hemoglobin beta; IgG and IgM, Immunoglobulin G and M; iRBCs, infected-red blood cells; <i>Pf, P. falciparum</i>; sexual iRBCs, stage I gametocytes; total iRBCs, trophozoites and stage I gametocytes.</p>