Dataset and R Code for Long-Term Climatic Modulation of the Xylem Hydraulic–Mechanical Trade-Off in Betula ermanii, 1963–2020

Meteorological observations from the Jiaohe, Tonghua, and Huanren weather stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Science Data Centre, China Meteorological Administration. After the Tonghua meteorological station ceased operation in 2017, missing post-closure records were supplemented using the 4 km China Daily Meteorological Dataset (CDMet; Zhang et al., 2024b). PDSI data were obtained from the high-resolution multi-drought-index dataset CHM_Drought (Zhang et al., 2025a).The deposit contains author-generated biological observations, processed analytical data, derived statistical results, seven main-text figures, Supplementary Figures S1–S6, Supplementary Tables S1–S7, variable documentation, file manifests, and R scripts for data processing, statistical analysis, and figure generation.

The anatomical section images presented in Figure 2 are original materials produced by the research team. The files are organized by figure and table to facilitate verification of the principal statistical results and reproduction of the associated figures. CC BY 4.0 is recommended for author-generated content and MIT for the R code.

Third-party climate data remain subject to the access and reuse terms of their original providers.