ARTEMIS observations of foreshock transients in the midtail foreshock

They can disturb the local bow shock, magnetopause, and consequently the magnetosphere-ionosphere system through dynamic pressure perturbations. Recent multipoint observations found that such perturbations can even propagate from the dayside to the midtail.

However, whether the drivers of such perturbations, foreshock transients, persist in the midtail foreshock has not been observed. Thus, it is unclear whether the observed nightside magnetosheath/magnetopause perturbations are traveling waves or continuously driven by a propagating foreshock transient. Using two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft, we report direct observational evidence of foreshock transients in the midtail foreshock.