Data Sheet 1_Enteral nutrition interruption in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, causes, and clinical outcomes.docx

Crude ENI prevalence ranged from 11.2% to 100%, with a median of 68.5% (IQR, 57.1%-96.6%). The estimated pooled prevalence was 79.2%, although heterogeneity was extreme (I² = 99%) and publication bias was evident (Egger’s test, p < 0.001). Common causes included airway management, radiological or imaging procedures, gastrointestinal intolerance, and surgical procedures or preparation.

ENI was associated with reduced energy adequacy (mean difference, -4.21 percentage points; 95% CI, –7.71 to –0.71; p = 0.02). No statistically significant association was observed with ICU length of stay (mean difference, –0.41 days; 95% CI, –2.05 to 1.23; p = 0.62). Short-term mortality was not statistically significantly associated with ENI (risk ratio, 1.86; 95% CI, 0.67–5.11), but the estimate was imprecise and heterogeneous (I² = 88%).</p>Discussion<p>ENI appears common and is predominantly procedure-related.

It is associated with reduced energy adequacy, whereas its effects on ICU length of stay and short-term mortality remain uncertain because of inconsistent ENI definitions, substantial heterogeneity, publication bias, and limited outcome data. Standardized definitions, shorter peri-procedural fasting, improved gastrointestinal management, and multidisciplinary nutrition protocols may reduce avoidable interruptions. High-quality prospective studies and randomized trials are needed.</p>Systematic review registration<p>crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251266654.</p>