Table 1_Inflammation identity crisis: pathogenic nature of platelet-derived transforming growth factor β in chronic inflammatory conditions.xlsx

Among these, platelets are the largest circulating reservoir of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and as such can be implicated in all physiological processes where TGFβ plays a crucial role. TGFβ is associated with immune regulation via dampening of Th₁ responses, amplification of regulatory T lymphocyte polarization, and reduced inflammation, which can be beneficial in mitigating autoimmune diseases.

However, in the case of solid tumors or persistent viral infections, this function can result in aberrant immune suppression and increased disease severity and pathology. TGFβ is also implicated in tissue remodeling and wound healing, however, in conditions associated with chronic platelet activation, such as diabetes, hypertension, and HIV infection, increased levels of platelet-derived TGFβ can exacerbate fibrosis, resulting in tissue and organ damage.