Supplementary file 1_Human acellular amniotic membrane loaded with hair follicle-derived cells promotes wound repair and appendage-like structure formation.pdf

Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, the presence of CD31-positive vascular structures, cell proliferation, fibrosis-related markers, and morphological features suggestive of appendage-like structures.</p>Results<p>The hAAM scaffold co-loaded with HFSCs and DPCs was associated with accelerated wound closure, tissue repair, and altered expression of fibrosis-associated markers, including TGF-β and α-SMA, together with altered collagen deposition.

The treatment was also associated with the appearance of PPAR-γ-positive structures with morphological features resembling sebaceous glands, as well as epithelial bud-like structures morphologically suggestive of early follicular development, in a subset of specimens. Although these morphological observations are preliminary and require further characterization with additional lineage-specific markers, they represent preliminary morphological observations of appendage-like structures.</p>Conclusion<p>The hAAM scaffold co-loaded with HFSCs and DPCs was associated with accelerated wound closure, tissue repair, and altered extracellular matrix remodeling in a murine full-thickness wound model.

Structures with morphological features resembling sebaceous glands and epithelial bud-like structures suggestive of early follicular development were observed in some samples; however, their cellular identity, maturity, and functionality remain to be determined. Further lineage-specific characterization and long-term functional studies are required to establish whether this strategy can promote appendage-like structure formation and functional skin restoration.</p>