Cloud-resolving modeling: ARM and the GCSS story

As described by Browning et al. (1993, p. 387), "The focus of GCSS is on cloud systems spanning the mesoscale rather than on individual clouds. Observations from field programs will be used to develop and validate the cloud-resolving models, which in turn will be used as test-beds to develop the parameterizations for the large-scale models." The most important activities that GCSS promoted were the following: Identify key questions about cloud systems relating to parameterization issues and suggest approaches to address them, and Organize model intercomparison studies relevant to cloud parameterization.