Annual 1 km Cotton Planting Climate Suitability Index Dataset for Xinjiang, China, 1951–2025

It is based on 1 km agricultural climate-resource grids for China and combines growing-season temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, effective accumulated temperature, and warmest-month temperature. A crop-climate suitability assessment method was used to standardize and weight the suitability of these climate factors, with limiting-factor constraints, to produce a 0–100 cotton planting climate suitability index.

Each layer is a single-band GeoTIFF at 1 km resolution in the WGS 84 Albers equal-area projection, with original float32 index values and −9999 as NoData. Quality checks confirmed a complete 1951–2025 sequence, consistent spatial grids and NoData settings, and valid values ranging from 0.5 to 100. Pixel-level comparison with the Xinjiang provincial boundary found no valid pixels outside the boundary in any of the 75 layers, indicating that the delivered rasters are already masked to Xinjiang.