DOW7 VAD Winds at Packer John

In cases where 17° data were unavailable, the highest available elevation angle was utilized. The wind profiles were obtained using the Vertical Azimuth Display (VAD) technique, which involves measuring the radial velocity of targets at various azimuth angles and applying a least square fitting procedure to extract the horizontal wind speed and direction as a function of altitude.

This method assumes that the wind field is horizontally homogeneous over the radar sampling volume. For more details on the VAD technique, refer to Browning and Wexler (1968).