Supplemental Material for: Association of Persistent Abnormal Echocardiographic Parameters with All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cohort Study

We assessed 1,586 patients who underwent hemodialysis at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University. Associations between echocardiographic parameters and all-cause mortality were examined using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards models. Both baseline and time-averaged (TA) echocardiographic parameters were included in the analysis.</p><p dir="ltr">Results: The baseline and TA values of echocardiographic parameters showed a strong linear correlation.

Higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.976; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.964–0.989; P < 0.001), and the same trend was observed for TA-LVEF. An elevated cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) was identified as a risk factor for all-cause mortality (HR, 18.769; 95% CI, 2.476–142.298; P = 0.005), and higher TA-CTR was also associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality.

A U-shaped association was found between left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and all-cause mortality.</p><p dir="ltr">Conclusion: Lower LVEF and higher CTR were associated with all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The association between LVEDD and all-cause mortality followed a U-shaped curve.</p>