Religious Third-Place Participation and Helping Behaviors

The research comprises three studies: an online experimental study (Study 1), a time-lagged, multi-source field survey (Study 2), and a qualitative interview study (Study 3). These studies were designed to strengthen both the internal and external validity of the findings through triangulated methodologies.The dataset contains anonymized responses from participants recruited via online platforms and organizational contacts.

The measures used are based on well-established scales, adapted for context where necessary. Data collection tools included online survey software and text-based interview protocols. Data processing was conducted using standard statistical and qualitative analysis software (e.g., SPSS, Mplus).