Table · dataset · 2026
Supplementary file 1_Observing system simulation experiment by integrating multi-source satellite observations.docx
Listed in figshare and Loughborough Research Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/fenvs.2026.1950661.s001
<p>Fine-scale monitoring of urban fossil-fuel CO<sub>2</sub> (ffCO<sub>2</sub>) emissions is essential for evaluating mitigation policies and improving carbon accounting systems.
Description
Using Dongying, Shandong Province, as a case study, we developed an urban ffCO<sub>2</sub> inversion framework that integrates TROPOMI NO<sub>2</sub> observations, OCO-2/3 XCO<sub>2</sub> observations and WRF-STILT transport simulations. First, a 5 km NO<sub>x</sub> flux field was constructed from 2021 TROPOMI NO<sub>2</sub> column densities and WRF wind fields using the flux-divergence method.
Monthly prior CO<sub>2</sub>-to-NO<sub>x</sub> ratios were then derived from the GEMS inventory and used to convert NO<sub>x</sub> fluxes into prior ffCO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. Finally, OCO-2/3 observations and XSTILT column footprints were combined in a Bayesian inversion to optimize the CO<sub>2</sub>-to-NO<sub>x</sub> ratio and derive the posterior ffCO<sub>2</sub> flux field. The TROPOMI-derived NO<sub>x</sub> fluxes showed strong spatial heterogeneity in Dongying, with the highest values concentrated around Dongying Port, coastal oil and gas extraction areas and petrochemical industrial parks.
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The urban area showed lower but clearly structured emissions. The prior monthly CO<sub>2</sub>-to-NO<sub>x</sub> ratios were stable, ranging from 954.02 to 961.93, whereas the posterior ratios constrained by six OCO-2/3 overpasses ranged from 753 to 987, with a mean of 856.5. The resulting posterior ffCO<sub>2</sub> emission estimate for Dongying was 45.7 Mt yr-1, with a range of 40.2–52.7 Mt yr-1.
These results show that the joint use of NO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> satellite observations can constrain both the spatial structure and magnitude of urban ffCO<sub>2</sub> emissions, providing a methodological reference for carbon emission accounting in industrial cities.</p>
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1950661.s001 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from figshare com
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from figshare com
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Chemistry · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Economics & Finance · Economics & Finance · Engineering · Engineering · Humanities · Humanities · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Materials Science · Mathematics & Statistics · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Satellite remote sensing · Satellite remote sensing · Social Science · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Geoinformatics 73% · Simulation 75%
Provenance · 2 source records, 32 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/33971125 | 12 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Loughborough Research Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/33971125 | 11 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Field | Assertion | Extractor | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| access_level | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].anzsrc:group:3704 | enrichment · figshare com | taxonomy-embedding@1.0.0 | title+keywords+description (73%) |
| concepts[field].local:field:astronomy | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:chemistry | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:engineering | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:humanities | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:life-sciences | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:materials-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:mathematics-statistics | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:medicine-health | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:ocean-atmospheric | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:psychology-behavioral | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[method].local:method:simulation | enrichment · figshare com | keyword-concept-rules@1.0.0 | title+description (75%) |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:remote-sensing | mapping · figshare com | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['satellite remote sensing'] |
| concepts[modality].local:modality:remote-sensing | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | vocabulary-mapper@1.0.0 | keywords['satellite remote sensing'] |
| description | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/description |
| license | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/rights |
| publication_date | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| title | source · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | /metadata/dc/title |