The right support at the right time: examining the challenges of supporting children under three and their families in Northern Ireland

Through these perspectives, the study investigates the relational, structural and emotional dynamics that shape family support within a divided and resource-constrained system. Situated within an interpretivist paradigm, the study adopts a qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Data were gathered from 10 sector stakeholders, 4 health visitors, 2 community midwives and 28 parents of children under three.

Thematic analysis was informed by a dual theoretical framework drawing on Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969) and Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), enabling exploration of relational need within wider systemic influences. Findings reveal significant challenges, including workforce pressures, geographic inconsistencies in support and the structural separation of education and care. Parental mental health stigma and emotional strain among professionals were also evident.

Alongside these challenges, participants highlighted the value of relational practice, practitioner resilience and informal community support. The study concludes that early years policy and service design in Northern Ireland must prioritise relational, preventative and child-centred approaches. It offers recommendations for strengthened infant mental health policy, workforce development and investment in universal, trauma-informed, community-embedded services, ensuring that the voices of families and practitioners inform future early years reform.<br><br>