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Data · dataset · 2026

<p>Cluster validations for adult glial annotations.</p>

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<p><b>(A)</b> Dot plot showing the expression levels of the genes used for the validation of each annotated cluster in adult. <b>(B)</b> Left, hierarchical tree showing cluster annotations after validations reveals 14 distinct cell types (in bold text) plus a number of clusters annotated preliminarily as Astrocyte- and Ensheathing-like glia. Right, unsupervised clustering of adult glial cells. <b>(C–L)</b> Immunostaining analysis of adult stage optic lobe.

Neuropil structure is revealed by Ncad or HRP staining (yellow), and Repo (magenta) labels glia nuclei in the left panels. Marker gene expression is shown using antibodies, <i>lacZ</i> reporters, protein tags, or specific Gal4 lines (cyan). <b>(C)</b> <i>Tret1-1</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is only expressed in perineurial glia and not in fenestrated. <b>(D)</b> <i>Vmat-</i>Gal4 (cyan) is expressed in both perineurial and fenestrated glia.

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(E) <i>rost</i>-<i>lacZ</i> reporter (cyan) is expressed only in subperineurial glia. <b>(F)</b> GFP-tagged <i>CG3036</i> (green) is expressed only in chalice glia. Vvl antibody (cyan) labels distal and proximal satellite glia. Optix (yellow) is present in chalice, marginal, epithelial, and proximal satellite glia.

(G) <i>b</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is expressed in distal and proximal satellite glia and in epithelial glia, but not in marginal. <b>(H)</b> <i>GstT4</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is expressed only in marginal glia. <b>(I)</b> <i>DAT</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is expressed in outer chiasm glia but only seen rarely in inner chiasm glia. <b>(J)</b> GFP-tagged <i>CG31663</i> (cyan) is expressed in proximal satellite glia and some medulla neuropil glia. This might reflect ensheathing- (mng+) <i>vs.</i> astrocyte-like (mng−) identity.

It is also expressed in outer and inner chiasm glia and in cortex glia. (K) <i>ome</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is expressed in inner chiasm glia, marginal glia and some medulla neuropil glia, which could reflect ensheathing (mng+) vs. astrocytes-like (mng−) identity. (L) <i>nkd</i>-<i>lacZ</i> reporter (cyan) is expressed in medulla neuropil glia but not in lobula neuropil glia. fg = fenestrated glia, pg = perineurial glia, spg = subperineurial glia, dsg = distal satellite glia, psg = proximal satellite glia, chg = chalice glia, eg = epithelial glia, mg = marginal glia, xgo = outer chiasm glia, cxg = cortex glia, lng = lobula neuropil glia, mng = medulla neuropil glia.

Gal4-UAS (<i>>></i>), <i>GFP/LacZ</i> from construct (<i>::</i>). Scale bar = 20 µm. The code used to generate the graphs can be found at <a href="zenodo.org/records/21890456" target="_blank">zenodo.org/records/21890456</a>.</p>

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