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Data · dataset · 2026

<p>Cluster validations for larva glial annotations.</p>

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<p><b>(A)</b> Dot plot showing the expression levels of the genes used for the validation of each annotated cluster in L3. <b>(B)</b> Left, hierarchical tree showing cluster annotations after validations reveals 10 cell types (in bold text), excluding cells of central brain origin.

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Note that Chiasm glia was manually separated into Inner and Outer Chiasm subtypes. Right, unsupervised clustering of larval glial cells. <b>(C–M)</b> Immunostaining and FISH analysis of marker gene expression in the L3 optic lobe.

Neuropil structure is revealed by N-cadherin (Ncad) or HRP staining (yellow), while Repo (magenta) is used to label glia nuclei in the left panels. Marker gene expression is shown using antibodies, <i>lacZ</i> reporters, protein tags or specific Gal4 lines driving UAS-nGFP expression (cyan). (C) <i>rost-lacZ</i> reporter (yellow) is only expressed in subperineurial glia.

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Anti-Svp antibody (cyan) labels both perineurial and subperineurial glia. <b>(D)</b> Optix (cyan) is present in satellite, epithelial, and marginal glia but not in subperineurial, outer chiasm, and medulla neuropil glia. <b>(E)</b> Dll (cyan) labels epithelial, marginal, lobula complex neuropil and medulla neuropil glia but not satellite, outer, and inner chiasm glia. <b>(F)</b> <i>DAT</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is expressed in the outer and inner chiasm glia.

It is less frequently observed in the inner chiasm glia. <b>(G)</b> Hth (cyan) antibody is higher in inner chiasm than in outer chiasm glia. <b>(H)</b> <i>Hand</i>-Gal4 (cyan) is only expressed in medulla neuropil glia. <b>(I)</b> HCR RNA FISH probes against <i>Cpr51A</i> (yellow) and <i>repo</i> (magenta) mRNA. Hoechst antibody is shown in gray. <i>Cpr51A</i> is expressed in the chiasm and lobula complex glia. The image shows the standard deviation projection of three consecutive focal planes 2 µm apart. <b>(J)</b> GFP-tagged <i>CG4288</i> (cyan) is expressed only in the cortex and lobula complex glia but not in the perineurial, medulla neuropil, and inner chiasm glia.

Asterisk indicates Bolwig organ. <b>(K)</b> GFP-tagged <i>alphaTub85E</i> (cyan) is expressed in retina wrapping glia. <b>(L)</b> GFP-tagged Npc2b (cyan) is expressed only in cortex glia from the central brain. <b>(M)</b> Adgf-D (cyan) is expressed in the central brain glia. pg = perineurial glia, spg = subperineurial glia, sg = satellite glia, eg/mg = epithelial and marginal glia, mng = medulla neuropil glia, xgo = outer chiasm glia, xgi = inner chiasm glia, cxg = cortex glia, rwg = retina wrapping glia, cb-cxg = central brain cortex glia, lcng = lobula complex neuropil glia.

Gal4-UAS (<i>>></i>), <i>GFP/LacZ</i> from construct (<i>::</i>). Scale bar = 20 µm. The code used to generate the graphs can be found in <a href="zenodo.org/records/21890456" target="_blank">zenodo.org/records/21890456</a>.</p>

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