Table 1_Non-invasive assessment of embryo development and ploidy: morphokinetics predict blastulation, and exploratory metabolomics identifies candidate metabolic signatures for euploidy.doc

Optimal developmental range was identified for each parameter, and embryos developing within these windows demonstrated significantly higher usable blastocyst formation rates (P < 0.001). Our model demonstrated good performance in the training set (AUC = 0.826) and maintained acceptable discrimination in the validation set (AUC = 0.724), comparable to the KID score (AUC = 0.738; DeLong test P = 0.682). In contrast, metabolomic screening identified 86 VIP-ranked features; stringent FDR correction rendered none significant (all adjusted P-value > 0.05).

Based on endogenous retention among the VIP-ranked features, 11 metabolites were retained as exploratory candidates; six of which—sphingosine, phytosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, histidylproline, L-valine, and indoleacetaldehyde—displayed AUC >0.7 trends (pooled n = 17 euploid, 10 aneuploid) requiring independent validation.</p>Conclusion<p>Our results demonstrate that early kinetic parameters robustly predict blastocyst formation, whereas D3 SCM metabolomics provides only tentative, effect-size-dependent clues for ploidy status that require cautious interpretation.

These complementary findings lay the groundwork for a future integrated noninvasive assessment strategy on D3.</p>