A Dataset on Soil Salinization Characteristics in the Tailan River Irrigation Area on the Northern Edge of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, 2023–2024

The dataset includes information such as sampling point locations, sample numbers, water content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentrations of eight major ions. Sampling points were established using an equidistant zoning method in ArcGIS software, with intervals of 2,000–2,500 meters between each point. Each sampling point was divided into seven layers: 0–5 cm, 5–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm, 60–80 cm, 80–100 cm, and 100–120 cm, yielding a total of 4,592 samples.

Various parameters were measured in the laboratory: moisture content was determined by the drying method; a 1:5 soil-water mixture was prepared for extraction; pH was measured using the potentiometric method; EC was determined by the conductivity meter method; TDS was measured by the gravimetric method; HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ concentrations were determined by double-indicator titration; Cl⁻ concentration by AgNO₃ titration; SO₄²⁺ concentration by indirect complexometric titration with EDTA; Ca²⁺ concentration by EDTA titration; Mg²⁺ concentration by calcium-magnesium content determination; and K⁺ and Na⁺ concentrations by the cation-anion balance method.

Following screening based on the relationship between soil EC (1:5) and TDS values and parallel experiment validation, a total of 3,310 valid data points were obtained. This dataset provides crucial support for comprehensively understanding the spatial distribution of soil properties, conducting salinization zoning and grading assessments, and identifying vulnerable areas in the Tailan River irrigation district.