A new species and a new record for Pycnoporus P. Karst. (Polyporaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon, revealed by an integrative approach of classical taxonomy and phylogenetic studies

During a search for poroid fungi of the genus Pycnoporus in Brazil, 37 specimens coming from herbaria and 66 recently collected were analyzed. The fungi were analyzed for their macro- and micromorphology, and the ITS, LSU and tef regions, which were sequenced and subjected to Bayesian analyses. These analyses showed which characteristics are specific to the genus and new characteristics not previously reported were evidenced.

After morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we concluded that some of these specimens were very different from the existing taxa and that they represent a new species of Pycnoporus. In addition, P. puniceus (Fr.) Ryvarden is reported for the first time from the country and P. sanguineus (L.) Murrill from the state of Roraima (Brazil). Furthermore, using the molecular data obtained in this study and ITS, LSU, tef 1 and rpb 2 sequences from Polyporales Gäum. from GenBank, we sought to estimate the time of divergence of Pycnoporus and the species on the order, as a starting point for understanding its biogeographic history.

According to our analyses, Pycnoporus and its sister group Trametes Fr. diverged at 36 Mya. Lastly, we discuss the taxonomic relationship between these two groups. KEY WORDS Basidiomycota, cinnabar fungi, neotropic, poroid fungi, polyporales, Pycnoporus amazonicus, new species, new record.