scRNA-seq of periodontal granulation tissue and periodontally inflamed gingiva

Conceivably, the periodontal parameters at the involved teeth of RT and ST were more deteriorated than those of GT and PT, which was also reflected with the enrichment of genera of periodontopathogens like Porphyromonas and the depletion of commensals such as Rothia and Neisseria in RT and ST. Further scRNA-seq revealed higher proportion of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts while fewer natural killer cells in GT than those in both PT and ST, in line with elevated wound healing scores and decreased inflammatory response scores.

Pseudotime trajectory analysis demonstrated the apparent differentiation of stroma cells among these tissues. Histological examination exhibited a less extent of inflammatory infiltration and CD4+ and NKG2D+ immunoreaction in GT, as compared to other tissue types. Collectively, these findings show the salubriousness of osseous GT and deleteriousness of socket-originated RT and ST in terms of clinical, microbiome and cellular attributes.

This work could facilitate the development of novel strategies for potentiating and enhancing periodontal treatment outcomes.