Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Sequencing Dataset of Microbial Communities under Repeated Heatwaves in Eutrophic Lake Mesocosms

Microbial samples were collected at four experimental stages: T0 (before heatwave exposure), T1 (after the first heatwave), T2 (after the second heatwave), and T3 (after the third heatwave). In the sample naming system, A, B, C, and D represent the T0, T1, T2, and T3 sampling stages, respectively, while numbers 1, 2, and 3 indicate replicate samples within each treatment.Microbial biomass was collected from water samples by filtration, followed by extraction of total DNA and RNA for metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, respectively.

After quality assessment, sequencing libraries were constructed and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform using paired-end sequencing technology. The generated data represent both the microbial genetic potential and transcriptional activity under repeated heatwave disturbances.This dataset contains paired-end FASTQ sequencing files from both metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses. Each sample contains two sequencing files: R1 and R2, representing forward and reverse reads generated from paired-end sequencing, respectively.

All FASTQ files are compressed in gzip format (.fq.gz). Corresponding MD5 checksum files are provided to verify the integrity of each sequencing file during storage and transfer.The sequencing reads were processed using standard quality-control procedures, including adapter removal, filtering of low-quality reads, and removal of short sequences. Metagenomic reads can be used for downstream analyses including genome assembly, open reading frame (ORF) prediction, taxonomic classification, and functional annotation.

Metatranscriptomic reads can be used for transcript assembly, gene expression quantification, and functional expression analysis. Bioinformatic tools involved in data processing include fastp, MEGAHIT, SortMeRNA, IDBA-tran, Prodigal, RSEM, and KEGG databases.The dataset contains 96 FASTQ files corresponding to 48 sequencing samples, including 24 metagenomic samples and 24 metatranscriptomic samples. Each sample includes paired-end R1 and R2 sequencing files and corresponding MD5 checksum files.

No missing samples are present in this dataset. Variations in effective read numbers among samples may occur due to differences in DNA/RNA quality, sequencing depth, and quality-control filtering procedures. The dataset provides complete sequencing files and associated metadata to facilitate reproducibility and further microbial ecological analyses.