Nasopharyngeal Swab Transcriptomics Reveals Distinct Pathogenic Mechanisms in Adenoid Hypertrophy and Allergic Rhinitis

Using nasopharyngeal swab-based transcriptomics—enabling inclusion of healthy pediatric controls previously precluded by ethical constraints—this study aimed to characterize the transcriptomic landscape of AH with and without AR and identify disease-specific pathogenic pathways.

We performed RNA sequencing on nasopharyngeal swab samples from 25 pediatric subjects, including healthy controls (HC, n=6), children with AH (n=10), and children with AH accompanied by AR (AHAR, n=9). This study underscores the need for individualized therapeutic strategies tailored to distinct disease mechanisms in pediatric upper airway disorders.