Moxibustion Promotes Tumor Immune Responses and Vascular Normalization to Enhance Antitumor Effect of Cisplatin in Lewis Lung Cancer Mice

Previous studies have shown that moxibustion combined with cisplatin can improve tumor immunity and vascular normalization. The aim of this study is to further explore how moxibustion combined with cisplatin regulates anti-tumor pathways and molecular mechanisms through modulation of the immune-vascular microenvironment.

Through RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified related signaling pathways and key molecules, which were subsequently validated at both cellular and molecular levels. The combination of moxibustion and cisplatin enhanced the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and myeloid dendritic cells in tumor tissues, while promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages and helper T 1 cells. This therapeutic approach modulated immune-related molecules through upregulation of Il2 and downregulation of Il1β at the mRNA level, accompanied by decreased protein expression of CXCL1, IL-13, CCL3, and CCL4.