The host-dependent RdRp fidelity of NS5 is closely related to the host adaptability and virulence of Tembusu virus

The study revealed that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) fidelity of the Tembusu virus (TMUV) NS5 protein is dynamically changed and is closely associated with viral adaptation, transmission capability, and pathogenicity in different hosts such as ducks and mosquitoes.The dataset comprises three parts, as detailed below:(1) File "BHK-21": Next-Generation Sequencing Data from BHK-21 Cells:Content: Raw whole-genome sequencing data for the wild-type TMUV CQW1 strain, the low-fidelity mutant (NS5-G643R), and the high-fidelity mutant (NS5-L612F) passaged in BHK-21 cells (Passages F0 and F2).Purpose: To analyze the impact of different RdRp fidelity mutations on viral population genetic diversity, directly validating the fidelity phenotypes of the mutants.(2) File "switching": Next-Generation Sequencing Data from Host-Switching Trajectories:Content: Raw whole-genome sequencing data from viral samples collected at three critical timepoints during an experimental simulation of the natural "duck-mosquito-duck" transmission cycle.

Samples include: virus from Duck Embryo Fibroblast (DEF) cells, virus from mosquitoes, and virus after serial passage in duck embryos.Purpose: To track dynamic changes in the viral mutation spectrum during host transitions, revealing the regulation of viral RdRp fidelity across different host environments.(3) File "Raw data": Raw Data from Other Experiments:Content: Raw data from various in vitro and in vivo experiments conducted in this study, including but not limited to:Viral growth kinetics (TCID₅₀)Plaque assay dataReplicon activity assaysMutagen (Ribavirin) resistance assaysData from duck and duck embryo infection experiments (viral loads, viremia, body weight changes, survival rates)Data from mosquito infection experiments (infection rates, viral loads)Purpose: These data collectively support the main conclusions of the study, encompassing phenotypic validation of viral replication capacity, host range, pathogenicity, and vector competence.Value:This dataset comprehensively provides direct evidence for viral genetic diversity, host adaptation evolution, and changes in virulence.