Toxicogenomic studies reveal early mitochondria and ribosome dysfunction in cadmium carcinogenicity

The main sources of human Cd exposure are food, drinking water and tobacco smoke. Cd enters the cells through a variety of channels and transport pathways mimicking essential ions.

Once uptaken, Cd can lead to different diseases, including cancer, although its mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. In this work, we performed a toxicogenomics study based on whole-genome microarray analysis of gene modulation induced by Cd treatment (1 and 2 μM CdCl2) in C3H10T1/2 cells, as a model for in vitro carcinogenicity studies in the Cell Transformation Assay . Exploratory analyses using Principal Component Analysis , applying combinations of differential expression analyses using generalized linear models were used.