Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human trophoblast-mesoderm assembloids

Here, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of day 11 and day 23 trophoblast-mesoderm assembloids generated by co-culturing human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) with extraembryonic mesoderm-primed (ExM) cells under rotational culture conditions. Our analysis reveals distinct cellular populations including cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, and mesodermal derivatives, providing insights into lineage specification and cell-cell interactions during early human development.