Functional MRI data in MATLAB file format for BOLD; Functional MRI data in MATLAB file format for ASL; Contrast maps and weighted atlas map from How the heart speaks to the brain: neural activity during cardiorespiratory interoceptive stimulation

These reports were accompanied by increased BOLD and ASL activation of the right insular cortex at the highest dose. Different responses across insula subregions were also observed. During anticipation, insula activation increased in more anterior regions.

During stimulation, activation increased in the mid-dorsal and posterior insula on the right, but decreased in the same regions on the left. This study demonstrates the feasibility of phMRI for assessing brain activation during adrenergic interoceptive stimulation, and provides further evidence supporting a dynamic role for the insula in representing changes in cardiorespiratory states.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.