RNA-seq profiling of 14 paired primary and recurrent glioma cases

To characterize transcriptomic alterations associated with tumor recurrence, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on paired primary and recurrent glioma tissue specimens from 14 patients. According to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, glioblastoma is defined as IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt), CNS WHO grade 4.

Based on these criteria, 11 paired cases were classified as glioblastoma (IDH-wt, grade 4), while three paired cases with IDH-mutant, grade 3 gliomas were included as a comparison group. Differential gene expression analysis was performed between paired primary and recurrent tumors to identify recurrence-associated transcriptomic changes. Functional enrichment and pathway analyses were subsequently conducted to investigate the biological processes and signaling pathways associated with the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs).