Transcriptomic analysis of Bioprinted 3D Lung Spheroid Model Mimicking Tumor Microenvironment

Existing 3D models also face difficulties in reproducing TME complexity and encounter various engineering limitations. In this study, 3D embedded bioprinting was used to construct a heterogeneous lung spheroid (HLS) model that integrates key stromal factors to more closely simulate the TME.

RNA sequencing–based transcriptomic profiling revealed gene signatures related to extracellular matrix remodeling, immune suppression, and tumor progression, which showed strong resemblance to patient-derived lung tumor samples and supported the model’s biological relevance. In summary, this model reproduces essential characteristics of the lung TME and holds promise as a tool for assessing advanced therapies targeting complex solid tumors.