Bulk RNA-seq of human colonic organoids treated with IFNγ and TNF

Organoids were stimulated with IFNγ and TNF to model inflammatory injury observed in IBD. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to characterise cytokine-driven gene expression programs associated with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation, epithelial stress responses, mitochondrial apoptosis, and inflammatory signalling pathways.

Comparative transcriptomic analyses identified inflammatory and cell death-associated gene signatures induced by IFNγ/TNF treatment and revealed molecular pathways linked to epithelial injury in human intestinal organoids. These data provide a resource for understanding how inflammatory cytokines regulate epithelial cell death and transcriptional remodelling in the intestinal epithelium during IBD-associated inflammation.