Vocal repertoire of Asiatic Black Bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) cubs

Here I investigate the vocalizations of three wild orphaned cubs (two males and one female) reared by two observers in natural conditions in the Russian Far East. I grouped the calls into structural types, and then compared them with existing literature data on vocalizations of the same, as well as other species of the Ursidae family.

In total, 1302 calls were classified visually from spectrograms into seven call types: whine , moan , yelp , grunt , snort , chuffing and humming. Classification results were verified with discriminant function analysis and randomization. I also fixed the presence of nonlinear phenomena (NLP) and articulation effects in calls.